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GE2013 results shows that it was a Malaysian Tsunami and not a Chinese Tsunami

Pakatan’s popular vote in the whole of Malaysia increased from 47.6% in 2008 to 50.9% in 2013, representing a 3.2% increase in Pakatan’s support. BN’s popular vote decreased from 51.4% in 2008 to 47.4% in 2013, a 4.0% decrease.

2013 2008 Increase / Decrease
BN 47.4% 51.4% -4.0%
Pakatan 50.9% 47.6% 3.2%

Calculations were made using only valid votes at the parliament level

Pakatan increased its share of parliament seats from 37% in 2008 to 40% in 2013 by winning at extra 7 parliament seats.

2013 Parliament 2008 Parliament Increase / Decrease
PKR 30 31 -1
PAS 21 23 -2
DAP 38 28 +10
TOTAL 89 82 +7

Pakatan won 32 more state seats in 2013. All three Pakatan parties won more state seats in 2013. Pakatan won 45% of total state seats in 2013 compared to 39% in 2008, a 6% increased.

2013 State 2008 State Increase / Decrease
PKR 49 41 +8
PAS 85 83 +2
DAP 95 73 +22
TOTAL 229 197 +32

Pakatan’s support increased in 11 out of 13 states and in the Federal Territories including in the Malay majority states of Perlis, Terengganu and Pahang where the % of Malay voters is 70% and higher.

NEGERI BN%2013 PR%2013 BN%2008 PR%2008 BN% (Increase / Decrease) PR% (Increase / Decrease)
PERLIS 55.4% 44.3% 60.1% 39.9% -4.8% 4.4%
KEDAH 50.6% 48.5% 46.8% 53.2% 3.8% -4.7%
KELANTAN 43.0% 53.7% 44.7% 55.0% -1.8% -1.3%
TERENGGANU 51.4% 48.5% 55.1% 44.7% -3.7% 3.7%
PULAU PINANG 31.6% 67.8% 36.9% 63.0% -5.3% 4.8%
PERAK 44.9% 54.7% 46.5% 53.3% -1.6% 1.4%
PAHANG 55.2% 44.4% 59.5% 40.5% -4.3% 3.8%
SELANGOR 39.0% 59.4% 44.3% 55.4% -5.3% 4.0%
W.P. KL & PUTRAJAYA 35.3% 63.9% 38.3% 61.6% -3.1% 2.4%
NEGERI SEMBILAN 51.0% 47.3% 54.7% 45.1% -3.7% 2.2%
MELAKA 53.8% 46.2% 57.4% 42.6% -3.6% 3.6%
JOHOR 54.9% 45.0% 65.3% 34.7% -10.3% 10.3%
SABAH 55.0% 35.9% 61.6% 32.5% -6.6% 3.4%
SARAWAK 58.9% 37.3% 64.2% 28.3% -5.3% 8.9%
TOTAL MSIA 47.4% 50.9% 51.4% 47.6% -4.0% 3.2%

Notes: Calculations made based on valid votes only, Sabah includes Labuan, Change in BN may not equal Change in PR for some states because of the presence of independent and non-BN & non-PR candidates

There are 23 Malay majority (Malay% > 50%) parliamentary seats where PR increased its support by 5% or more from 2008 to 2013. This increase in support could not have been possible if there wasn’t increased support from the Malay voters who form the majority of voters. For example, in P2 Kangar which is a 80.7% Malay seat, PR increased its support by 16.1%. Similarly, in P41 Kepala Batas, which is a 76% Malay seat, PR increased its support by 11.8%, could not have happened without increased support from the Malay voters. The reason why not much attention has been paid to these seats is because although PR made significant gains in these seats, they did not win these seats.

NEGERI PARLIAMENT CODE PARLIAMENT NAME PR%2013 PR%2008 ChangePR% MALAY%
PERLIS P002 KANGAR 45.3% 29.2% 16.1% 80.7%
JOHOR P141 SEKIJANG 45.9% 30.4% 15.6% 55.5%
JOHOR P160 JOHOR BAHRU 43.5% 28.5% 15.0% 50.8%
JOHOR P149 SRI GADING 30.1% 44.7% 12.6% 62.6%
NEGERI SEMBILAN P126 JELEBU 40.4% 28.4% 12.1% 63.1%
PULAU PINANG P041 KEPALA BATAS 45.5% 33.6% 11.8% 76.3%
SELANGOR P093 SUNGAI BESAR 49.5% 39.8% 9.7% 65.6%
JOHOR P153 SEMBRONG 34.8% 25.5% 9.3% 57.7%
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR P118 SETIAWANGSA 48.7% 39.7% 9.0% 56.1%
NEGERI SEMBILAN P127 JEMPOL 42.0% 33.0% 9.0% 60.1%
JOHOR P144 LEDANG 48.3% 39.8% 8.5% 52.8%
JOHOR P151 SIMPANG RENGGAM 41.6% 33.1% 8.5% 56.4%
NEGERI SEMBILAN P133 TAMPIN 38.3% 30.3% 7.9% 61.3%
PERAK P055 LENGGONG 42.5% 35.0% 7.6% 81.8%
JOHOR P164 PONTIAN 33.6% 26.4% 7.2% 68.7%
JOHOR P146 MUAR 47.9% 40.8% 7.2% 62.1%
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR P125 PUTRAJAYA 30.7% 24.2% 6.4% 94.1%
JOHOR P147 PARIT SULONG 37.9% 31.5% 6.4% 72.2%
JOHOR P143 PAGOH 33.8% 27.9% 5.9% 64.0%
JOHOR P155 TENGGARA 24.9% 19.7% 5.2% 72.0%
JOHOR P154 MERSING 28.5% 23.3% 5.2% 78.4%
PAHANG P084 PAYA BESAR 40.0% 35.0% 5.1% 81.2%
PAHANG P079 LIPIS 42.9% 37.9% 5.0% 75.9%

There are 8 Malay majority (>50% Malay) state seats in Selangor where Pakatan’s support increased by more than 5%. This includes 4 state seats which were won by PAS which it did not win in 2008 – namely Tanjong Sepat, Taman Templer, Dusun Tua and Paya Jeras. PAS could not win these seats merely based on an increase in Chinese support. Malay support must also have increased in these Malay majority seats.

NEGERI PARLIAMENT CODE PARLIAMENT NAME STATE CODE STATE NAME PR%2013 PR%2008 ChangeinPR%13to08 MALAY%
SELANGOR P093 SUNGAI BESAR N03 SUNGAI PANJANG 45.3% 32.4% 12.9% 81.6%
SELANGOR P100 PANDAN N21 CHEMPAKA 63.1% 52.2% 10.9% 53.2%
SELANGOR P113 SEPANG N54 TANJONG SEPAT 51.4% 41.7% 9.8% 52.0%
SELANGOR P097 SELAYANG N15 TAMAN TEMPLER 58.2% 48.9% 9.3% 51.4%
SELANGOR P101 HULU LANGAT N23 DUSUN TUA 55.1% 46.1% 9.0% 53.2%
SELANGOR P107 SUBANG N38 PAYA JARAS 57.2% 48.6% 8.7% 56.6%
SELANGOR P099 AMPANG N20 LEMBAH JAYA 60.5% 54.0% 6.5% 54.0%
SELANGOR P094 HULU SELANGOR N05 HULU BERNAM 41.5% 35.7% 5.8% 67.4%

Increase Malay support in P102 Serdang for DAP / Pakatan, especially among younger Malays. In the P102.Serdang, using saluran or polling stream data, the Malay support for DAP / Pakatan increased from 36% in 2008 to 43% in 2013. In the polling stations in the 66% Malay majority of N26 Bangi, the majority for DAP / Pakatan increased from 1094 in 2008 to 5825 in 2013. There is also encouraging evidence that younger Malay voters are supporting DAP / Pakatan at higher rates compared to older Malay voters. The table below shows the difference between the support for the DAP in the oldest saluran (Saluran 1) versus the youngest saluran (Saluran 4, 5 or 6) in the Malay majority polling stations in N26 Bangi. The support for the DAP / Pakatan is clearly and significantly higher among younger Malay voters compared to the older Malay voters.

Polling Station Malay% Oldest Saluran (DAP Support) Youngest Saluran (DAP Support) Difference (Youngest – Oldest)
Sungai Ramal Dalam 97% 28% 51% +23%
Sungai Ramal Luar 82% 31% 46% +15%
Seksyen 3 BBB 97% 45% 62% +17%
Seksyen 1 BBB 93% 51% 55% +4%
Seksyen 6 BBB 90% 41% 48% +7%
Seksyen 4 BBB 95% 48% 59% +11%
Seksyen 4 BBB 95% 48% 59% +11%
Seksyen 2 BBB 97% 57% 64% +7%

BN experienced a fall in support of more than 10% from 2008 to 2013 in 8 of the Dayak majority / plurality parliament seats. But this was not sufficient for PR to win any of these seats although PR came closest in P205 Saratok (2081) and Baram (194). The failure to resolve some serious local problems e.g. land grabs and dam buildings will further erode BN’s support in these areas in the future.

NEGERI PARLIAMENT CODE PARLIAMENT NAME BN%2013 BN%2008 ChangeinBN% Malay / Melanau% Dayak%
SARAWAK P205 SARATOK 53.20% 76.80% -23.60% 43.70% 49.30%
SARAWAK P222 LAWAS 92.10% -20.60% 42.80% 47.10%
SARAWAK P209 JULAU 59.30% 78.90% -19.60% 12.20% 82.80%
SARAWAK P192 MAS GADING 41.10% 58.60% -17.60% 12.70% 67.80%
SARAWAK P220 BARAM 49.50% 66.90% -17.40% 20.60% 69.90%
SARAWAK P217 BINTULU 58.20% 73.20% -15.00% 28.50% 43.50%
SARAWAK P199 SERIAN 74.30% 87.00% -12.60% 14.50% 74.60%
SARAWAK P204 BETONG 77.10% 87.30% -10.10% 50.00% 42.70%

BN experienced a fall of more than 10% in 7 Sabah Bumiputera seats. However, PR only managed to win one of these seats (P174 Penampang). PR came closest in Beaufort, losing by 673 votes. The BN won 4 parliament seats – P168 Kota Marudu, P180 Keningau, P181 Tenom and P182 Pensiangan – with less than 50% of the vote. Multiple corner fights in these as well as other seats involving STAR and SAPP affected the chances for PR to win more parliament as well as state seats.

NEGERI PARLIAMENT CODE PARLIAMENT NAME BN%2013 BN%2008 MUSLIM BUMIPUTERA% NON-MUSLIM BUMIPUTERA%
W.P. LABUAN P166 LABUAN 66.3% 77.0% -10.8% 60.2% 14.0%
SABAH P171 SEPANGGAR 54.1% 64.9% -10.8% 51.6% 26.1%
SABAH P174 PENAMPANG 34.3% 54.0% -19.7% 15.9% 50.1%
SABAH P177 BEAUFORT 50.5% 79.3% -28.7% 30.3%
SABAH P179 RANAU 50.2% 65.4% -15.2% 10.7% 86.9%
SABAH P180 KENINGAU 44.5% 57.3% -12.8% 18.5% 70.4%
SABAH P181 TENOM 48.1% 62.9% -14.7% 20.9% 66.0%

At the state level, PR managed to win 11 seats, 6 of which were in non-Chinese majority / plurality areas. If multiple corner fights can be avoided in the future, PR can build on its current representation of 3 MPs and 11 ADUNs to make further inroads into Sabah.

BN has to defend 46 marginal seats compared to 30 for PR in the next election.

No of Marginal Seats (BN or PR win by 55% of vote or less)

Total BN PR
Pmsia 38 26
Sabah 4 1
Sarawak 4 3
Total 46 30

It cannot be denied that the BN is on the defensive even though PR did not manage to win a majority of seats. With an increased number of state seats, especially in the frontline states of Johor, Sabah and Sarawak and with a significant decrease in the level of BN support in these states, the BN cannot consider these states as fixed deposits any longer. Also, with the increase in the number and percentage of younger voters who are less influenced by mainstream media and more willing to vote across racial lines in support of Pakatan, it is increasingly clear that the BN will likely lose power in GE14. What may save the BN is a grossly skewed and unfair delimitation exercise which is scheduled to start sometime this year and be completed before GE14.